Short description: The fluxes of particulate matters discharged by the rivers to the oceans is 3 to 5 times higher than the fluxes of dissolved elements. Today we know rather well the chemical composition of the global solute riverine fluxes into the oceans but we don't know very well the global chemical composition of the riverine sediments discharged into the oceans. The main objective is to estimate by hydrological regions on a glbal scale the chemical composition of the riverine particulate matter using a world data base of a French-Brasilian research consortium working on river transports. It is to modelize this chemical composition of the global particulate river fluxes using a GIS modelling for each major river basin grouped together by hydrologiacl region on the basis of average temperature, rainfall intensity and runoff; This modelling will take into account the spatial distribution of vegetation, land uses, lithological composition of rocks and relief for each hydroregion and river basin. Finally, one of the main objective is to estimate and to modelize the chemical composition of the pre-anthropogenic particulate river fluxes using very ancient data we have and to compare with the present day situation to estimate the anthropogenic impact on these fluxes (major and trace elements).
Subject description: The fluxes of particulate matters discharged by the rivers to the oceans is 3 to 5 times higher than the fluxes of dissolved elements. Today we know rather well the chemical composition of the global solute riverine fluxes into the oceans but we don't know very well the global chemical composition of the riverine sediments discharged into the oceans. The main objective is to estimate by hydrological regions on a glbal scale the chemical composition of the riverine particulate matter using a world data base of a French-Brasilian research consortium working on river transports. It is to modelize this chemical composition of the global particulate river fluxes using a GIS modelling for each major river basin grouped together by hydrologiacl region on the basis of average temperature, rainfall intensity and runoff; This modelling will take into account the spatial distribution of vegetation, land uses, lithological composition of rocks and relief for each hydroregion and river basin. Finally, one of the main objective is to estimate and to modelize the chemical composition of the pre-anthropogenic particulate river fluxes using very ancient data we have and to compare with the present day situation to estimate the anthropogenic impact on these fluxes (major and trace elements).
Since more than 30 years, the PhD consortium (Probst JL, Morattti J, Meybeck M. and Ludwig W.) is collecting data from most of the major world rivers to build a global data base , particularly on the chemial composition (major and trace elements) of the particulate river matter discharged by the rivers into the oceans.
The first objective will be be to developp new(s) chemical indicator(s) to characterize the chemical composition of the riverine sediemnts fluxes and their origins (mainly natural weathering versus anthropogenic inputs). These indicators will nbe estimated for each major river basins and each hydro regions (see the paper of Meybeck et al., 2013). Each river basin and hydroregion wil be characterized unsing a GIS approach for all the factor controlling the river sediment transports and their chemical composition. The main factors anlysed will be: the climate (precipitation, temperature) the hydrology (runoff, variability and flood frequency), the vegetation covers and land uses, the soil type, the geology and the lithogical composition of bedrock, the relief (altitude, slope) and the geomorphology of the landscape.
The data base of the consortium will allow to estimate and to modelize pristine conditions (pre-anthropogenic) and anthropogenic conditions in order to estimate and to modelize for the first time the gloabal anthropogenic impacts on the chemicl composition of the particulate riverine fluxes. this modelling will be particularly important to simulate diffrent scenarii of climate change, new anthropogenic impact or even to test some remediation methods to reduced for example the contamination levels of the sediments discharged to to oceans.
Some major publications:
LUDWIG W. and PROBST J.L. 1998- River sediment discharge to the oceans : present-day controls and global budgets. American Journal of Science, 298, p. 265-295.
LUDWIG W, PROBST JL, KEMPE S (1996)- Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10,1, 23-41.
MEYBECK M., KUMMU M. and DURR H.H. 2013- Global hydrobelts and Hydroregions: improved reporting scale for water-related issues ? Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 17, 1093-1111.
PhD consortium: PROBST J.L. (ECOLAB-CNRS and University of Toulouse, France): jean-luc.probst@ensat.fr
MORTATTI J. (CENA-USP, Campus Piracicaba, Brazil): jmortatt@cena.usp.br
MEYBECK M. (METIS-CNRS and University Pierre and Marie Currie, Paris, France): michel.meybeck@upmc.fr
LUDWIG W. (CEFREM-CNRS and University of Perpignan, France): ludwig@univ-perp.fr
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